#---------- read_backwards.py----------#
# Read blocks of a file from end to beginning.
# Blocks may be defined by any delimiter, but the
#  constants LINE and PARA are useful ones.
# Works much like the file object method '.readline()':
#  repeated calls continue to get "next" part, and
#  function returns empty string once BOF is reached.

# Define constants
from os import linesep
LINE = linesep
PARA = linesep*2
READSIZE = 1000

# Global variables
buffer = ''

def read_backwards(fp, mode=LINE, sizehint=READSIZE, _init=[0]):
    """Read blocks of file backwards (return empty string when done)"""
    # Trick of mutable default argument to hold state between calls
    if not _init[0]:
        fp.seek(0,2)
        _init[0] = 1
    # Find a block (using global buffer)
    global buffer
    while 1:
        # first check for block in buffer
        delim = buffer.rfind(mode)
        if delim <> -1:     # block is in buffer, return it
            block = buffer[delim+len(mode):]
            buffer = buffer[:delim]
            return block+mode
        #-- BOF reached, return remainder (or empty string)
        elif fp.tell()==0:
            block = buffer
            buffer = ''
            return block
        else:           # Read some more data into the buffer
            readsize = min(fp.tell(),sizehint)
            fp.seek(-readsize,1)
            buffer = fp.read(readsize) + buffer
            fp.seek(-readsize,1)

#-- Self test of read_backwards()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Let's create a test file to read in backwards
    fp = open('lines','wb')
    fp.write(LINE.join(['--- %d ---'%n for n in range(15)]))
    # Now open for reading backwards
    fp = open('lines','rb')
    # Read the blocks in, one per call (block==line by default)
    block = read_backwards(fp)
    while block:
        print block,
        block = read_backwards(fp)