ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As is usual, I would like to thank my friends, family and lovers—those during the course of writing this, before I started, and those I will have subsequently—who no doubt shaped much of what went into this. I would like to thank my director, and all those other professors and teachers I have had, who in some combination added to and subtracted from my knowledge and the clarity of my thinking. Naturally, I could not have done this without the authors of the books and articles I have read, both the good ones and the bad ones. A special negative debt is owed to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts, whose foolish typographic regulations make the document you hold before you worse than it should be in minor but annoying ways. Should anyone wish to read this document, a better version should be available at . And just in case the document does not make it evident, I thank Karl Marx... for all things.